Making progress! I sanded the bubbles down and also took some of the first primer off before re-applying primer. I suspect the bubbles were either due to spraying in really hot weather or lots of static electricity attracted a ton of dust. I also had to use a new type of primer since apparently the entire US's paint supply is disrupted (thanks, COVID.)
The first primer I tried was Rustoleum's Filler Primer, but now the only one I could find was Rustoleum Painter's Touch 2X Ultra Cover in Flat White. I applied a couple coats, probably went too thick on the second so I waited a good 2-3 days to make sure it was fully dry/cured.
Finished by wet sanding with 400-grit, next comes the base coat.